NORTH AMERICAN RIVER OTTER Lutra canedensis MAMMAL Order Carnivora Description 2-3 ft long, including tail; up to 30 lbs, females slightly smaller. Range from medium to dark brown with lighter shades underneath. Range Canada and the United States Status The Illinois Department of Conservation has classified this species as endangered in the state due to decline of clear water habitat. Many waterways have been canalized to facilitate river traffic and otters require a gradually sloping river bank. This, along with hunting, has contributed to the species' decline. Although not currently listed as endangered outside Illinois, commercial trade of this species is regulated by international law, since it may become endangered without regulated trade. Photo © James P. Rowan Photography

Ecology Habitat rivers and other inland waterways; lives in dens underground.   Niche Competes with man and other animals for fish, preferring non-game fish; also eats rodents and crayfish. Primary predator in historical times is man. May be active at any time. Life History Mating takes place in winter or early spring. 1-5 pups born the following year due to delayed implantation (actual embryonic development is about two months). Pups' eyes open at 1 me, pups begin to swim at 2 mo, they nurse until 3-4 mo, stay with mother about a yr. Record life span in captivity 23 yrs. Special Adaptations Capture prey mainly with mouth, although front paws are very flexible and can be used to assist in capturing prey. Webbed hind feet and long tail propel body when animal swims. Long, sleek body offers little resistance to water during swimming. Ears and nostrils can be closed when animal is submerged.